Value of esophagogastroduodenoscopy in assessment of chronic kidney disease patients with iron deficiency anemia without gastrointestinal symptoms

Document Type : Original Clinical

Authors

Internal medicine department, faculty of medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.

Abstract

Background: Iron deficiency anemia is one of the most important etiological factors for anemia in chronic kidney disease patients. Iron deficiency anemia in adults is commonly caused by upper gastrointestinal bleeding. However, the epidemiology of gastrointestinal lesions in patients with chronic kidney disease remains questionable. Aim: to assess the presence of potential upper gastrointestinal disorders in asymptomatic patients with chronic kidney disease and assess the risk factors contributing to the most prevalent endoscopic findings.
Methods: This randomized controlled trial involved 81 patients categorized ‎into two groups ‎according to the estimated glomerular filtration rate. History taking, examination, laboratory ‎investigations, and esophagogastroduodenoscopy were performed on all participants ‎from May 2021 to November 2021‎‎.‎
Results: The most common endoscopic findings were chronic gastritis, helicobacter pylori, and erosive ‎gastritis. Risk factors associated with helicobacter pylori gastritis ‎included higher serum creatinine and lower transferrin saturation. Risk factors for erosive gastritis‎ included older age, higher serum creatinine, ‎ ‎lower hemoglobin, ‎ and lower ‎ serum iron.‎
Conclusion: Endoscopic gastrointestinal lesions are common in asymptomatic chronic kidney disease patients with iron deficiency anemia. The severity of renal disease increased the prevalence of severe gastrointestinal lesions.

Keywords

Footnotes. Peer-Reviewers: Tamer Goda (assistant professor of internal medicine), Bassam Mansour Salama (Assistant professor of tropical medicine), Samah Soliman (Assistant professor of tropical medicine). E- Editor: Salem Youssef Mohamed, Osama Ahmed Khalil, Mohamed Hassan Ali Emara. Copyright ©. This open-access article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution, or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited. The original publication in this journal is cited by accepted academic practice. No use, distribution, or reproduction is permitted, complying with these terms. Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent their affiliated organizations or those of the publisher, the editors, and the reviewers. Any product evaluated in this article or its manufacturer's claim is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher. Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate: All procedures followed were by the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (Institutional Review Board (IRB)” (ZU-IRB #9145) of Zagazig University and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 and later versions. Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05240677, date of registration: 2 February 2022. Consent for publication: All patients included in this research gave written informed permission to publish the data contained within this study. Availability of data and materials: The datasets used or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Funding: This study had no funding from any resource.

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