Myelodysplastic neoplasm in chronic hepatitis C virus infection: A new case report

Document Type : Case Reports

Authors

1 Department of Internal Medicine, Bologhine Ibn Ziri Hospital, Algiers, Algeria.

2 Centre of Blood Transfusion, University Hospital Training Centre Mustapha Basha, Algiers, Algeria.

3 Department of Histopathology, University Hospital Training Centre Mustapha Basha, Algiers, Algeria.

Abstract

Introduction: Haematological manifestations are among the most common extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C virus infection with an established association, such as mixed cryoglobulinemia and lymphoproliferative disorders. However, the relationship between HCV infection and myelogenous disorders is still controversial.
 
Case presentation: We report a case of a 40-year-old man, an active smoker with a previous history of alcoholism and drug abuse (abstinence for 6 years), presenting a chronic hepatitis C infection with liver cirrhosis and concomitant pancytopenia due to myelodysplastic neoplasm with low bone marrow blasts (according to 2023 WHO classification), absent genetic mutations and no of history of exposure to occupational risk factors. He was treated with direct-acting antiviral therapy (Sofosbuvir + Daclatasvir for 24 weeks) and blood transfusions, and a follow-up period of 24 months obtained a sustained virological response and resolution of the hematological manifestations.
Conclusion: Several authors reported a concomitant myelodysplastic neoplasm in chronic hepatitis C infection. However, the causality effect relation and its risk factors are yet to be established. Nevertheless, antiviral treatment might resolve the myelodysplastic neoplasm, as reported in our case.

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Footnotes. Nevin Fouad (lecturer in internal medicine, gastroenterology, and hepatology unit) and Marwa Shabana (Assistant professor of clinical pathology) were the peer reviewers. E- Editor: Salem Youssef Mohamed, Osama Ahmed Khalil, Amany Mohammed. Copyright ©. This open-access article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). It may be used, distributed, or reproduced in other forums, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited. The original publication in this journal must be cited according to accepted academic practice. Disclaimer: The authors' claims in this article are solely their own and do not necessarily represent their affiliated organizations or those of the publisher, the editors, and the reviewers. Any product evaluated in this article or its manufacturer's claim is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher. Ethical approval: All procedures involving human participants followed the institutional and national research committee's moral standards, the 1964 Helsinki Declaration, and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. All authors declare that consent was obtained from the patients (or other approved parties) to publish this study. Study protocol: In adherence to the principles outlined in the Helsinki Declaration, the study protocol was implemented with approval from the institutional review board. Before commencing the research, written consent was obtained from the patient to utilize their clinical information. Data and materials availability: The datasets used or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Funding: This study had no funding from any resource. This work was done according to the CARE guidelines. Authors’ contributions Thouraya Soualah and Mustapha Lahcene conceived the research concept. At the same time, Lynda Chikhi and Fatima Zohra Sadar conducted the clinical examinations and monitored the patients. Thouraya Soualah and Mustapha Lahcene collaborated in gathering laboratory data. All authors actively participated in analyzing and interpreting the patient information and composing the manuscript. All authors thoroughly reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript. Acknowledgment: I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Pr. M Lahcene and Pr. R Ouldgougam, who made this work possible. Their guidance and advice carried me through all the stages of writing this case. I would also like to give special thanks to Pr. L Chikhi for her outstanding cooperation and contributions, without forgetting the rest of the medical and paramedical staff of the Internal Medicine department of Ibn-Ziri Hospital.

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